Provide disaster relief and prevent and cure indispensable general knowledge of altitude sickness in cajaput antidetonation of Qinghai

Provide disaster relief and prevent and cure indispensable general knowledge of altitude sickness in cajaput antidetonation of Qinghai
Provide disaster relief and prevent and cure indispensable general knowledge of altitude sickness in cajaput antidetonation of Qinghai
Wired the expert: Wang Hai, the doctor of medicine, researcher, 3 grades of professional techniques, military chief of hygiene environmental medicine research institute of academy of medical sciences, doctoral supervisor. Obtain the national natural science 1 second prize, army and 5 items of first prize of scientific and technological progress at provincial and ministerial levels, authorize 18 of patent for invention, win the intersection of General Logistics Department and scientific and technological the Venus, the entire PLA loves the smart military model of the army, it is rewarded that national Seeking Truth is remarkable and young. Background: Cajaput seismic zone over 4493 meters above the sea level on average, oxygen content have the intersection of plain and 55% of area only, acute morbidity of altitude sickness can up to 60% or more. On one hand, the team providing disaster relief from plain has not taken the precautionary measures, the radical plateau by air, the organism does not have sufficient time to suit to the hypoxia. On the other hand, the local temperature is very low, with the sleet weather, it is flexible fast to rescue the team, the work load is large, it is overtired, does not have enough sleep that appear, the organism immunity is low, apt to catch a cold, and cold is the important inducement of serious disease and acute altitude sickness. So, how to avoid and positive effectively should be the important topic instantly to acute altitude sickness. Today, staff reporter the intersection of telephone and special visit provide disaster relief a gleam of researcher Wang Hai fighting bravely the intersection of cajaput and antidetonation. Reporter: After coming from all parts of the country's rescuing radical Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of strength and participating in cajaput antidetonation and providing disaster relief, what changes will the organism which rescues team members have? Wang Hai: The air of seismic zone of the cajaput is thin, average annual temperature is 2.9 ��, it is the typical plateau puna. At present, the team providing disaster relief of antidetonation is in initial stage of being concentrated the plateau fast by the plain, because plateau hypoxia, drying, gale,etc. influence, the changes of eight respects will happen in physiological functions of the organism organ. First, the respiratory rate is accelerated. Because the air is thin, the oxygen content is reduced, enables thereupon reducing of partial pressure of oxygen in people's alveolus partial pressure of oxygen and arterial blood. The human body is in order to get enough oxygen from the external world, must realize through increasing the keeping in touch with amount of lung. Mainly shown as the respiratory rate is accelerated, breathed and strengthened, in order to meet normal physiological demand of the organism, after adapting to the environment, the respiratory rate can prone to resuming. Second, the heartbeat is accelerated. The heartbeat of normal people is 60- 80 times every minute, garrison in the highland rapidly, the heartbeat is accelerated, about 100 times every minute, and increase fast with high-level rising above sea level. Persons who reach the plateau for the first time, make adequate preparations, appropriate rest, guarantee the sufficient sleep and have meal normally, homework movements should do things within the limits of one's own resources, avoid moving about vigorously, try hard to reduce physical power and mental labour, do the activity of deeplying breathe at the uniform velocity, practise the clothes to plateau environment with the organism, the heart rate will resume and take a favorable turn gradually. Third, abdominal distension and indigestion. Because the atmosphere pressure in the plateau is reduced, the pressure within the organism is thereupon reducing, cause the stomach to empty time to lengthen, form the bloated air of gastrointestinal tract. So, the persons who enter the plateau of the majority for the first time often feel abdominal distension of chest is full and uncomfortable, the appetite fails, indigestion is weak, disgusting, vomit, even suffer from diarrhoea etc.. After practising the clothes the plateau of about one week generally, will lighten and disappear gradually. Fourth, blood pressure is unusual. After entering the plateau, some people cause peripheral resistance of the blood vessel to unusually change because of the oxygen deficiency of organism, the rising at various degrees appears in blood pressure, some people reduce blood pressure too, in return to by some time plain behind,generally can resume by oneself,needn't drug therapy. Fifth, sleep disorder. Factors such as hypoxia, cold environment,etc. often cause the body resistance against diseases to reduce, exchange the acute altitude sickness of kindling. The only solution is to adjust the psychology at present, overcome the tense mood in the plateau, increase the time of sleeping appropriately, recommend the afternoon nap. Sixth, study and memory ability change. There is a certain influence on people's study and memory ability in the hypoxic environment of plateau. In the high area above sea level, all people's study and correct rate of the memory drop in various degree, but will not cause permanent damage. Seventh, the vision, hearing and olfactory change. After people reach height of 3000 meters in the plateau, vision, hearing generally drop to some extent, the sense of smell is reduced progressively, it is difficult to be self- aware, after returning to the plain, function of these feelings returns to normal. Eighth, mood excitement and inhibition. The change which the majority will happen on some mood, being shown as is in high spirits, act on a momentary impulse, the speech increases, mood is out of control,etc.; Or depressed, depression, of few words, the behavior is slow,etc., only need pay attention to self-regulation mood. Reporter: Which are common acute altitude sickness? How to prevent and cure effectively? Wang Hai: Mainly have the following seven. First, acute altitude sickness. Generally the peak in order to have illness coming on of 6- 12 hour after reaching the plateau, clinical manifestation, for having a headache, breathing hard, sleep disorder uncomfortable in chest,etc., the serious one has symptoms such as nausea, vomiting,etc.. Acute altitude sickness is a kind of type seen in acute altitude sickness at most, treat in time, not only the intersection of plateau and complex reaction time will lengthen, may continue, send plateau lung edema, plateau brain edema, thus jeopardize the life. Second, the plateau lung edema. Early the intersection of quality and lung edema among being, easy to misdiagnose for acute altitude sickness. But the intersection of plateau and lung edema have obvious uncomfortable in chest bloated or sense of urgency, the intersection of complexion and gloomy, dyspnea, the intersection of wing of nose and the intersection of person who instigate and characteristic. Get up disease sleep, appear coughing while being short while being continuous strenuous in night more. White, pink or foam phlegms courageous and upright when appearing not to be thin. Third, the plateau brain edema. It is early except that there are serious acute altitude sickness symptoms of having a headache, having palpitation, breathing hard and vomiting vigorously etc., mainly shown as the cerebral cortex function is disorderly, mental depression, mind are dim, have the fidgets. Blue, rapid pulse, breathing to accelerate, take action unstably that physical sign has lips; The optical fundus can be seen the retina edemaed or looks at hydropic sign of brain of papilla edema,etc. to check. It is dealt with one in time if does not undergo, the patient can enter to go into a coma. Fourth, faint and move the disease. The patient faint to work up the medical history more, the onset is early, generally have illness coming on while or seize the opportunity by busing. Symptom is mainly dizzy, tinnitus, disgusting and vomiting etc.. Get off or get off the plane and have a rest for several minutes or several ten minutes, symptom is relieved by oneself. Fifth, acute upper airway infection. There is a inducement of suffering from cold etc. generally, are shown as and had a stuffy nose, swallowed and ached, coughed, congested, had a fever etc. in the swallowing department, can distinguish with acute altitude sickness. Sixth, it is damaged that it is cold in the plateau. Including frostbitten in the plateau, the plateau is numb with cold, three kinds plateau hemorrhoids. It is frostbitten and severe and frostbitten that it can be divided into slightly that frostbitten in the plateau. The wounded should break away from the cold environment as soon as possible after being rescued, enter warmly and take shelter from the wind in the place, take the cold-proof measure. The condition is allowed and should be sent to hospital immediately, cook the warm water to reply fast warmly and treat and cure. Forbid the wrong method that beats affected part by ice and snow rubing, cold water soaking, massage to reply warmly, also forbid the method that adopts the flame to be toasted to reply warmly. These wrong replying the warm method often causes the serious organization to lose, the prognosis is extremely bad. Plateau numb with cold to threaten life is severe to treat and cure, can cause death. Break away from the cold environment as soon as possible, treat and cure and move live, want Adopt, lie the location while being flat, so as not to cause circulatory failure. Take off the wet clothes, use the woollen blanket, sleeping bag? ���, of Wei, play the intersection of �� and happy obedient Huan of Ji Fei 2 �� rouse �� Is this ostrich's all moat army towering? Plateau hemorrhoid seldom causes the permanent damage, but apt to recur. Mainly do well and keep warm, take off moist, close-fitting clothes, shoes and socks, change the dry, clean, comfortable clothes. Wash injury and dehumidify it gently. Can apply the frostbitten lotion outside when there are conditions, such as nitrofurazone ointment or sulfanilamide pyrimidine zinc frost. Hemorrhoid can also be healed by oneself while treating. The frostbitten greatest difference with hemorrhoid lies in, the skin has not been frozen when hemorrhoid happens. Seventh, other disease, should with can appear acute altitude sickness similar to symptom with disease of physical sign, distinguish while being other also. Such as neurosis, plateau respiratory alkalosis,etc.. The former's frightened psychology to the plateau is serious, through implying the treatment can make the condition disappear or relieve; The latter can have this neurotic behavior, breathe the too fast ones incident, can be distinguished by the analysis of vim and vigour. Make the patient keep quiet, oxygen intake, symptom disappears promptly. To have a headache seriously, sick patient, need, get rid of the intersection of brain and the intersection of blood vessel and accident, take the intersection of location and the intersection of and pathological change or epidemic meningitis in the cranium. Can pass and have a rest, add the ballast, hyperbaric oxygen cabin or take new compound dangshen slice, red red-spotted stonecrop preparation, compound root of red-rooted salvia to drip medicines such as pills, ginkgo blade,etc. to treat in the oxygen intake, plateau, the heavy one is changed over to the low area above sea level and treated and cured in principle. Meanwhile, it must exercise restraint in drinking, smoking to reduce oxygen consumption in the highland. Reporter: After rescuing the radical plateau of the team, what items should be paid attention to? Wang Hai: Will certainly pay attention to making sure to reduce the activity, winter protection, guarantee to sleep and adjust the psychological condition etc. in a few days in the radical highland, in case acute altitude sickness happens. Enter the plateau in the first week, after providing disaster relief, want the abundant rest as much as possible. Walk, at the sport should slowly, don't speak or sing heartily, don't fight play make loudly, carry article or squat, down stand up, movements don't be too fast, should pay attention to slowing down the daily rhythm of life. Should pay attention to the cold-proof winter protection in the plateau at any time, should adjust and suitable for holding according to the weather condition, prevent and treat upper airway infection actively. The strong sunshine and ultraviolet ray will injure your eyes and skin in the plateau, should prepare sunglasses and suncream. The sufficient sleep can lighten altitude sickness, don't move about too much before sleeping, use the hot water washing foot, keep mood steady. Just reached the plateau, oxygen deficiency symptom of breathing hard, being uncomfortable in chest, having difficulty in breathing etc. which everybody will feel at various degrees, so long as keep good psychological quality, strengthen faith, overcome the frightened psychology of plateau, can practise and obey the hypoxic environment of plateau gradually. Garrison in the plateau, without obvious uncomfortable symptom, did not need oxygen intake. Symptom relatively serious only, have a rest and take medicine the intersection of result and getting good very appropriate oxygen intake. Propose drinking more water, dinner is unsuitable to satiate, can't eat and drink immoderately. Reporter: How to watch out for the early symptom of the acute altitude sickness? Wang Hai: After entering the plateau from plain, many kinds of oxygen deficiency physiological response taking place within short time, the onset peak has been generally after entering the plateau for 1- 2 days. Not merely and ascends a height with the height above sea level reached in risk factor of acute altitude sickness the speed have something to do with, and organizational management, situation of work and rest, meal ensuring, prevention, state of mind and meteorological change of the upper airway infection while entering the plateau with personnel collectively have something to do with. It is cold, tired, nervous, can make acute altitude sickness aggravate at the time of the hunger, physique weakness and upper airway infection. Common symptom has headache, giddy, excited and uneasy, many dreams of insomnia, energy are not centralized, lose the appetite, disgusting to vomit, suffer from diarrhoea etc.. Among them it is a main and most common symptom to have a headache and vomit. Usually, several days after suiting in the plateau, the majority are not through treating, acute altitude sickness symptom can also disappear automatically. If needing to treat, so long as diagnose and treat in time, can fully recover in 3- 7 days, does not leave sequela. Reporter: How to strengthen the sanitary control in the disaster relief work of antidetonation? Wang Hai: First, should pay attention to the hygiene of drinking the water. The natural source of water of trying hard to choose water quality to be good, prevent people and animals from drinking the same source of water together. Try hard to drink boiled water or cool white mo in the plateau, don't drink the unboiled water. Natural river, river, necessary process of source of water of lake are purified, disinfected and drunk. Second, should pay attention to the food hygiene. It should notice at plateau poison animals and plants if kidney bean, sprout there aren't potato, especially prevent the poisonous mushroom from being poisoned. Find after poisoning by food, the rescue work should be in time, accurate. Can be assisted by poisoner or he, study meticulously and move to stimulate the throat portion to cause and vomit with the finger, make the poisonous substance discharge outside the body rapidly; Can irritate and take 2%- 4% brine to promote and vomit; Food high in protein content such as taking the raw egg orally clearly, milk, can bind with many kinds of poisonous substance and form the precipitate, prevent and delay the absorption of the poisonous substance, protect the mucous membrane of stomach, play a role in detoxifying. Third, should pay attention to the hygiene of campsite. The temporary home should accord with requirements such as firm, wind-proof, rain-proof, winter protection,etc., the temperature had better keep at over 16 ��, and keep certain humidity at night. Have, get warm when terms go to bed in the room, want, build more quilt or overcoat, two people can sleep on a quilt together if necessary, in order to guarantee to get warm. Keep internal environment of rooms and personal hygiene of temporary home, ventilate regularly, forbid smoking and drinking in the room. Want, set up temporary toilet, forbid everywhere defecation and urination, spit, provide disaster relief, finish, should bury the temporary toilet withdraw, and do marks well, the rubbish is piled up by fixed position, bury or collect and deal with in unison deeply while withdrawing, in order to protect the peripheral natural ecological environment. Reporter: Is it unsuitable to participate in the disaster relief work of plateau who would you please introduce? Wang Hai: Anyone with following situation is unsuitable to participate in: First, vascular disease of the heart brain, such as serious hypertension, brain blood vessel deformity; Second, respiratory disease such as bronchiectasis,etc.; Third, disease in the blood system, such as serious anaemia,etc.; Fourth, disease of digestive system; Fifth, disease in the urological system, especially the inflammatory patient of urgent, chronic kidney; Sixth, endocrine system disease such as diabetes has not been controlled. (Liu engrave base Shen, fly to staff reporter Tang XianWu)


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